Society and Its Types

I am going to cover the various societies in relation to industrial advancement the word society is used quite a bit in the field of sociology. A society is defined as a group of people that live in a community who share a common culture and know who belongs to that community and who does not. A society is made up not only of people but also their values beliefs cultural ideas and their social institutions. If a society is considered advanced it will also share a political body sociologists have noted that societies evolve from pre-industrial to industrial and then industrial to post-industrial. The movement into industrialization often depends upon the technology and innovations that have been introduced and adopted into these societies. Pre-industrial societies include hunter-gatherer pastoral horticultural agricultural and feudal hunter-gatherer societies were in place up until about ten thousand years ago. These forms of societies were centered on survival and the main occupations were hunter gatherer and child rearing. These societies tended to be made up of tribes and its members gathered food from plant source the hunters in the tribe followed and killed wild animals to help feed the other members of the group. When animal sources became scarce the tribe moved on to a place where wildlife was more abundant. This movement was known as nomadic there are only a few of these societies that exist today pastoral societies came about around 7500 years ago instead of consistently. Hunting and gathering societies realized that animals could be domesticated this meant animals could be bred and slaughtered when the group needed mead to survive pastoral societies were not as mobile as hunter-gatherer societies but more mobile than horticultural and agricultural societies as compared to societies there are a few more specialized occupations one known pastoral society that exists today are the messiah people their animals are extremely important for their survival. They make clothing get food and use their animals to get from one place to another horticultural society started to recognize that they could grow crops for food. The very first settlements like those in Mesopotamia could be considered horticultural.

They were dependent upon water sources though and if the water supply was not good for their crops. They would need to move to another location this was the first time when societies were more stable than those of hunter-gatherer or pastoral societies. Horticultural societies meant that people could finally gain material goods to some extent the difference between horticultural societies and agricultural societies was the use of technology and growing crops. Whereas horticultural societies utilize sticks and small tools agriculture societies were able to innovate by using rotation and fertilization like manure through such simple innovations farmers could now harvest a surplus of crops which meant there was much more stability in society. The introduction of metal tools also decreased the amount of time it took to plant seeds and to harvest the crops many months later society grew as food surpluses emerged and population increased because starvation was less likely the emergence of towns and cities took place when agriculture took root having surpluses also meant the townspeople could trade with one another and they soon began trading with other cities 

as well with the increase of trade human 

societies communicated with one another like never before they not only traded crops but they also shared aspects of their culture through music poetry and philosophy. Many scientists believe this is when civilization officially began labor didn't have to concentrate purely on survival tasks now craftspeople writers and artists emerged people began having more free time and took place in leisure activity. Those groups of people that had more material goods and surpluses of crops ended up with better living conditions as compared to others those that own the most resources eventually became known as nobility this brought about feudal societies. A feudal society had a social structure that was hierarchical and was based upon ownership and protection at the top of the hierarchy were the 

nobility who were called lords 

the lords had the most say over the land and the people. The next in line was the fossils and they were in charge of various pieces of land the fossils gained resources from the land and in exchange. They were supposed to protect the lord from outsiders the land which was given to the fossils were called fiefdoms and peasants worked the land by working the land peasants were given lower class housing and protection by the fossils. These social structures stayed in place for generations people were born into their social structures and stayed there for their lifetime. Eventually this form of social structure failed and capitalism came into play towns and cities remained until the mid-1800s when the industrial revolution hit great Britain and eventually the united states technological innovation and invention changed the face of society and ushered in the industrial revolution. Harvesting a field which may have took a month now only took days steam engines electricity and combustible engines changed the face of production transportation and economics families in the industrial revolution now had access to resources they'd never had before education became available to the masses and healthcare was more affordable the building of factories brought in mass populations for employment and cultures interacted with one another like never before younger groups of people shifted their mindsets of taking over the family farm to remaining in the city where they could gain wealth and live amongst larger populations people the goal of gaining wealth for their future generations was popular 

with so many people now living together 

and communicating with one another. S

ociology was eventually born 

sociologists studied societal problems like overcrowding poverty and dirty living conditions like tenement housing 

sociologists began looking at how groups 

of people could influence the individual and their future decisions. Sociologists also notice relationships emerge between groups of people that own the means of production versus the laborers within the businesses. There was an exploitation of workers which led to the need for workers to eventually organize themselves. When a society moves from production as being its means of economic growth to an information society this society becomes a post-industrial society. Sociologists define a post-industrial society as producing educated information and or services essentially the goal of this society is to advance their own knowledge and they gain what they need through teaching storing or selling that information a post-industrial society can also sell its services whereas that means fixing a computer helping others to invest in the stock market advising others in insurance providing health care at multiple levels or teaching various populations.